Glossary

An accord arises when several fragrance materials blend into a new, distinct scent impression. Perfumers build fragrances from such accords.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftpyramide: Kopf-, Herz- und Basisnoten einfach erklärtSee also:Fragrance pyramidPerfumer

The ADR is the European agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road. It sets classification, packaging and marking for road transport.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum versenden: Gefahrgut, Alkohol und Verpackung im ÜberblickSee also:Dangerous goods (UN 1266)Limited quantity

An amendment is a numbered package of new or changed IFRA Standards. The certificate names the amendment it refers to. The 51st currently applies; the 52nd is expected in January 2027.

Regulation and safetyMore:IFRA-Standards erklärt: Kategorien, Zertifikat und GrenzwerteSee also:IFRAIFRA conformity certificate

Base notes are heavy and long-lasting: woods, resins, vanilla, musk or leather. They give a fragrance depth and stay perceptible the longest.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftpyramide: Kopf-, Herz- und Basisnoten einfach erklärtSee also:Fragrance pyramidTop noteHeart noteFixative

A batch is the quantity of product made in one run under the same conditions. The batch number appears on the product and allows every unit to be traced.

Production and qualityMore:Parfum Reifezeit: Mazeration, Kältestabilisierung und FiltrationParfum-Etikett: Pflichtangaben als Checkliste nach Art. 19See also:TraceabilityMandatory label information (Art. 19)

Bleed is the extra margin by which background areas run beyond the cutting edge. It prevents a white edge after trimming, while important content keeps clear of the edge.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:Print artworkDie line

A body mist is a light body spray with a low fragrance content. Under the IFRA Standards it counts by default as category 2, not as fine fragrance (category 4), with considerably tighter limits.

Products and concentrationsMore:IFRA-Standards erklärt: Kategorien, Zertifikat und GrenzwerteSee also:IFRA category

The bottle is the glass container for perfume. Glass, neck, spray head and fill volume must match, otherwise the pump sits crooked or the bottle drips.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Flakon auswählen: Glas, Hals, Sprühkopf und FüllmengeDer große Flakon-Guide – Welcher Parfum-Flakon für welche Marke?See also:Neck size (FEA 15)Spray head (pump)Nominal volume and nominal content

Break-even is the point at which revenue covers all costs. Profit begins only after it. You calculate it from one-off costs and profit per bottle sold.

Brand and tradeMore:Parfummarke: Kosten und Marge für den Start berechnenSee also:MarginUnit cost

Bulk perfume is ready-mixed perfume made of oil and ethanol in large containers. You fill it straight into your own bottles.

Products and concentrationsMore:Parfumöl vs. Bulk-Parfum – Was ist der Unterschied?Bulk-Parfum kaufen – Fertig gemischt in 500 ml & 1000 mlSee also:Perfume oil (fragrance oil)Container sizeConcentration (oil content)

The Cosmetics Regulation does not apply to candles and room scents. Other rules apply, for example chemicals law and product safety, which you check separately. The IFRA Standards still apply, with their own categories.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfumöl in Kerzen: Dosierung, Flammpunkt und DuftwurfRaumduft und Diffusor aus Parfumöl: Ansatz, Dosierung, RechtSee also:Cosmetic productIFRA categoryCLP

CLP is Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures. Finished cosmetic products are exempt; perfume oil as a raw material generally is not.

Regulation and safetyMore:Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Parfumöl lesen: Die 16 Abschnitte erklärtSee also:Safety data sheet (SDS)H and P statementsUFIREACH

CMYK is the colour model of printing, made of cyan, magenta, yellow and black. Screen colours (RGB) look brighter and shift on conversion, so you work in CMYK from the start.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:Print artwork

In cold stabilisation the matured batch is chilled so that poorly soluble components separate out. It is then filtered cold; otherwise they can reappear later in the bottle.

Production and qualityMore:Parfum Reifezeit: Mazeration, Kältestabilisierung und FiltrationSee also:FiltrationHazeMaturation

Concentration is the share of perfume oil in the finished perfume, in percent. It sets strength and character. Names such as Eau de Parfum are only guidelines; rely on the percentage.

Products and concentrationsMore:Parfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTEDP vs. EDT vs. Extrait – Parfum-Konzentrationen erklärtSee also:Eau de Cologne (EdC)Eau de Toilette (EdT)Eau de Parfum (EdP)Extrait de Parfum (Parfum)Density

Consumers buy for private purposes, businesses for commercial ones. Price indications, withdrawal and warranty depend on this. In every shop you should separate clearly whom you serve.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum Onlineshop: Rechtspflichten vor dem StartSee also:Right of withdrawalPrice indication ordinance (PAngV)

The container size is the packaging unit in which a raw material or perfume is delivered, such as a bottle, canister or drum. Its size determines the minimum quantity and the price per gram.

Products and concentrationsMore:Parfumöl Großhandel – Der komplette Einkaufsguide für WiederverkäuferBulk-Parfum kaufen – Fertig gemischt in 500 ml & 1000 mlSee also:Minimum order quantity (MOQ)Bulk perfume

In contract filling a manufacturer mixes, fills and packs your perfume to your specifications under your brand. As the brand you generally count as the manufacturer under the Cosmetics Regulation; the role of responsible person lies with you unless you transfer it in writing.

Brand and tradeMore:Lohnabfüllung Parfum: Ablauf von der Anfrage bis zur LieferungPrivate Label Parfum – So funktioniert Lohnabfüllung in DeutschlandSee also:Private labelResponsible person (RP)GMP (ISO 22716)

A cosmetic product is a substance or mixture applied externally to clean, perfume, protect or change the appearance of the body (Art. 2(1)(a)). A perfume is such a product; candles and room scent are not.

Regulation and safetyMore:CPSR für Parfum: Inhalt, Ablauf und wer unterschreibtSee also:EU Cosmetics RegulationCandles and room scent: regulation

The CPNP is the EU portal where cosmetic products are notified before being placed on the market. The notification is not an approval; it makes the product findable for authorities and poison centres.

Regulation and safetyMore:CPNP-Meldung für Parfum: Schritt für Schritt erklärtSee also:Frame formulationResponsible person (RP)Placing on the market

The CPSR (Cosmetic Product Safety Report) is the safety report under Annex I of the Cosmetics Regulation. It covers the finished product and is signed by a qualified safety assessor.

Regulation and safetyMore:CPSR für Parfum: Inhalt, Ablauf und wer unterschreibtSee also:PIF (product information file)Safety assessorResponsible person (RP)

With a crimp closure the pump is pressed onto the smooth bottle neck with a crimping tool or machine. It can then no longer simply be unscrewed.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Flakon auswählen: Glas, Hals, Sprühkopf und FüllmengeSee also:Neck size (FEA 15)Spray head (pump)

A custom bottle has its own shape, for which a glass mould is made. It only pays off for larger runs because tooling costs must be spread.

Brand and tradeMore:Parfum Flakon auswählen: Glas, Hals, Sprühkopf und FüllmengePrivate Label Parfum: Welcher Weg passt zu deiner Menge?See also:BottleMinimum order quantity (MOQ)

Alcohol-based perfume is generally dangerous goods of class 3 in transport, UN 1266 (perfumery products with flammable solvents). Relief applies to small quantities, and parcel carriers have their own conditions.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum versenden: Gefahrgut, Alkohol und Verpackung im ÜberblickSee also:Limited quantityADRFlash point

Denaturing makes alcohol unfit for drinking for tax purposes by adding a substance. Cosmetic ethanol is usually denatured and appears in the ingredient list as Alcohol Denat.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTSee also:EthanolINCI

Density is weight per volume, for example in g/ml. Ethanol at 96 % weighs about 0.81 g/ml, perfume oils are usually close to 1 g/ml. That is why you blend by weight, not by volume.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTSee also:EthanolConcentration (oil content)

The die line is the outline that defines shape, folds and glue flaps of a folding carton. Request it from the printer before you design and place it as a separate layer under your layout.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:Folding cartonBleed

The dip tube runs from the bottom of the bottle to the pump. It has to reach close to the bottom and be resistant to ethanol and oil.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Flakon auswählen: Glas, Hals, Sprühkopf und FüllmengeSee also:Spray head (pump)

In direct UV printing, ink is printed straight onto the bottle and cured with UV light. White is possible, but the surface has to be flat enough, and the artwork needs its own white layer.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:Print artworkHot foil stamping

Dosage is the share of perfume oil in the end product, in percent by weight. It differs by product. Limits are set by function, safety and the IFRA maximum level for the relevant category.

Candle, soap and room scentMore:Parfumöl in Kerzen: Dosierung, Flammpunkt und DuftwurfParfumöl in Seife und Kosmetik: Dosierung, Stabilität, RechtSee also:IFRA categoryConcentration (oil content)Scent throw (cold throw, hot throw)

The German Patent and Trade Mark Office (DPMA) protects trade marks for Germany; the EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) does so as an EU trade mark for the whole EU. Neither examines at filing whether earlier third-party marks conflict.

Regulation and safetyMore:Markenname für Parfum prüfen und schützen: Ablauf und KostenSee also:Nice Classification (trade mark classes)Trade mark search

In dropshipping you sell and the supplier ships directly to your customers without you holding stock. For alcohol-based perfume the dangerous goods shipping rules apply.

Brand and tradeMore:Parfum Dropshipping – Funktioniert das? Die besseren AlternativenParfum versenden: Gefahrgut, Alkohol und Verpackung im ÜberblickSee also:White labelDangerous goods (UN 1266)

A dual system collects and recycles household packaging. Brands license their packaging there; the fee depends on material and weight.

Regulation and safetyMore:Verpackungsgesetz und LUCID bei Parfum: Das gilt seit August 2026See also:VerpackDG (German packaging act)LUCID (packaging register)

Eau de Cologne is the lightest of the common grades: fresh, with a low oil content and a short duration on the skin.

Products and concentrationsMore:EDP vs. EDT vs. Extrait – Parfum-Konzentrationen erklärtParfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTSee also:Concentration (oil content)Eau de Toilette (EdT)

Eau de Parfum has a higher oil content than Eau de Toilette. It is stronger and often chosen for evenings and special occasions.

Products and concentrationsMore:EDP vs. EDT vs. Extrait – Parfum-Konzentrationen erklärtParfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTSee also:Concentration (oil content)Eau de Toilette (EdT)Extrait de Parfum (Parfum)

Eau de Toilette has a medium oil content. It suits everyday wear and is less intense than Eau de Parfum.

Products and concentrationsMore:EDP vs. EDT vs. Extrait – Parfum-Konzentrationen erklärtParfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTSee also:Concentration (oil content)Eau de Parfum (EdP)Eau de Cologne (EdC)

An essential oil is a volatile oil obtained from plant parts, for example by distillation or pressing. It is a natural material. A perfume oil, by contrast, is usually a composed mixture of various fragrance materials.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Duftöl für die Parfumproduktion – Einkaufsguide für ProfisParfum Rohstoffe – Natürlich vs. Synthetisch im ÜberblickSee also:Perfume oil (fragrance oil)Natural and synthetic fragrance materials

Ethanol is the alcohol that serves as the carrier in perfume. It dissolves the perfume oil, spreads it on the skin and evaporates. For cosmetic products it is usually denatured.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTSee also:DenaturingConcentration (oil content)Density

Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 governs safety, notification, labelling and supervision of cosmetic products in the EU, including perfume. It applies to the finished product, not to the perfume oil as a raw material.

Regulation and safetyMore:CPSR für Parfum: Inhalt, Ablauf und wer unterschreibtPIF für Parfum erstellen: Teile, Anlagen und AufbewahrungSee also:Cosmetic productResponsible person (RP)CPSR (safety report)

Extrait de Parfum, or simply Parfum, is the highest common concentration grade. It is very intense and is applied sparingly.

Products and concentrationsMore:EDP vs. EDT vs. Extrait – Parfum-Konzentrationen erklärtSee also:Concentration (oil content)Eau de Parfum (EdP)

Filtration removes separated components so the perfume stays clear. Filters that are too coarse let haze through; very fine ones clog faster and retain more liquid.

Production and qualityMore:Parfum Reifezeit: Mazeration, Kältestabilisierung und FiltrationSee also:Cold stabilisationHaze

A fixative is a heavy material that holds lighter fragrance materials and extends their effect, for example musk or resins.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Duftpyramide: Kopf-, Herz- und Basisnoten einfach erklärtSee also:Base noteLongevity

The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a flammable vapour-air mixture forms above a liquid. It determines classification and storage. Mixing with ethanol creates a new mixture with its own flash point.

Production and qualityMore:Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Parfumöl lesen: Die 16 Abschnitte erklärtParfumöl in Kerzen: Dosierung, Flammpunkt und DuftwurfSee also:Safety data sheet (SDS)Dangerous goods (UN 1266)

A folding carton is printed flat, die-cut and folded. It is economical and saves storage space, but mainly protects the look, not the glass.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenParfum Verpackung – Box, Cellophan & Unboxing-ErlebnisSee also:Magnetic boxDie lineShrink-wrapping in film

The formula is the exact composition of a fragrance or perfume with all components and quantities. For perfume oils it is a trade secret of the manufacturer.

Products and concentrationsMore:Duftentwicklung: So schreibst du ein Briefing für deine RezepturSicherheitsdatenblatt für Parfumöl lesen: Die 16 Abschnitte erklärtSee also:Fragrance briefPerfumer

Fragrance allergens are fragrance materials that can cause contact allergies. Above a threshold they must be listed individually on the label. Annex III of the Cosmetics Regulation contains 81 entries (Regulation (EU) 2023/1545); the extended labelling applies to goods newly placed on the market since 1 August 2026.

Regulation and safetyMore:Duftallergene 2026: Was auf dem Parfum-Etikett jetzt stehen mussSee also:Leave-on and rinse-offINCIPlacing on the marketIFRA

The brief is the written description of the desired fragrance for the perfumer or manufacturer: direction, development, target group, price level and concentration. Brand names do not belong in it.

Products and concentrationsMore:Duftentwicklung: So schreibst du ein Briefing für deine RezepturSee also:Fragrance developmentFormula (recipe)

In fragrance development a new formula is created from your brief, from the first draft through samples and corrections to the approved formula.

Products and concentrationsMore:Duftentwicklung: So schreibst du ein Briefing für deine RezepturKI-Duftentwicklung – Wie künstliche Intelligenz die Parfumindustrie revolutioniertSee also:Fragrance briefFormula (recipe)Perfumer

A fragrance family groups scents with a related overall impression, such as floral, woody or oriental. There is no binding classification; names and the number of families differ by source.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftfamilien im Überblick: die acht Familien und ihre DüfteSee also:Fragrance pyramidAccord

A fragrance ingredient is a single aroma material of natural or synthetic origin. A perfume oil is a mixture of many fragrance ingredients.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfum Rohstoffe – Natürlich vs. Synthetisch im ÜberblickSee also:Perfume oil (fragrance oil)Natural and synthetic fragrance materials

The fragrance pyramid arranges the notes of a perfume by volatility into top, heart and base notes. It shows how the scent develops over time, but gives no quantities and is not a formula.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftpyramide: Kopf-, Herz- und Basisnoten einfach erklärtSee also:Top noteHeart noteBase note

A frame formulation is a predefined standard formulation in the CPNP. You use it to notify a perfume without giving the exact formula. For perfume there are upper limits for the fragrance share and the ethanol share.

Regulation and safetyMore:CPNP-Meldung für Parfum: Schritt für Schritt erklärtParfumöl und Alkohol mischen: Mischverhältnis für EdP und EdTSee also:CPNP

GMP stands for good manufacturing practice: rules on hygiene, documentation, traceability and quality control for cosmetic products. The ISO 22716 standard describes it. The Cosmetics Regulation requires manufacture in line with GMP.

Production and qualityMore:GMP nach ISO 22716 für Parfum: Was Marke und Hersteller tun müssenSee also:TraceabilityPIF (product information file)Batch

Gourmand is a fragrance direction with edible-seeming notes such as vanilla, tonka bean, caramel or honey. The scents feel soft and inviting.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftfamilien im Überblick: die acht Familien und ihre DüfteSee also:Fragrance family

H statements name hazards, P statements give precautions under CLP. Common for perfume oils: flammable (H226), skin irritant (H315), sensitising (H317), eye irritant (H319) and hazardous to the aquatic environment (H411, H412).

Regulation and safetyMore:Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Parfumöl lesen: Die 16 Abschnitte erklärtSee also:Safety data sheet (SDS)CLP

Haze is a milky cloudiness in a perfume. It usually appears when poorly soluble components or water separate out. Cold stabilisation and filtration prevent it.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfum Reifezeit: Mazeration, Kältestabilisierung und FiltrationSee also:Cold stabilisationFiltration

Heart notes form the core of a fragrance. They emerge as the top notes fade and set the direction, for example floral, spicy or green.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftpyramide: Kopf-, Herz- und Basisnoten einfach erklärtSee also:Fragrance pyramidTop noteBase note

In hot foil stamping, metallic foil is applied with heat and pressure, for example for a logo in gold or silver. It suits fine to medium areas and needs a tool.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:Direct UV printingFolding carton

IFRA (International Fragrance Association) is the trade association of the fragrance industry. Its Standards limit fragrance materials by product type. They are self-regulation, not law, but take effect through supply contracts and safety assessment.

Regulation and safetyMore:IFRA-Standards erklärt: Kategorien, Zertifikat und GrenzwerteIFRA-Zertifizierung für Parfum – Was du wissen musstSee also:IFRA categoryIFRA conformity certificateAmendment (IFRA)

IFRA sorts products into categories by type and intensity of skin contact, for example category 4 for fine fragrance, 9 for soap, 12 for candles. The category determines the permitted maximum level of a fragrance mixture.

Regulation and safetyMore:IFRA-Standards erklärt: Kategorien, Zertifikat und GrenzwerteSee also:IFRAIFRA conformity certificateBody mist

The certificate is issued by the fragrance supplier, not by IFRA. It states up to which level a fragrance mixture may be used in which category. Because IFRA issues no certificates, an oil is called IFRA-compliant, not IFRA-certified.

Regulation and safetyMore:IFRA-Standards erklärt: Kategorien, Zertifikat und GrenzwerteIFRA-Zertifizierung für Parfum – Was du wissen musstSee also:IFRAIFRA categoryAmendment (IFRA)

INCI stands for International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients. The standard names appear in the ingredient list on the packaging. The fragrance mixture is called Parfum there, not Fragrance.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfum-Etikett: Pflichtangaben als Checkliste nach Art. 19See also:Mandatory label information (Art. 19)Fragrance allergensDenaturing

Leave-on products stay on the skin, such as perfume; rinse-off products are washed off, such as soap. For fragrance allergens the labelling threshold is 0.001 % in a leave-on product and 0.01 % in a rinse-off product.

Regulation and safetyMore:Duftallergene 2026: Was auf dem Parfum-Etikett jetzt stehen mussParfumöl in Seife und Kosmetik: Dosierung, Stabilität, RechtSee also:Fragrance allergens

The Impressum is the provider identification under § 5 DDG. It must be easy to reach from every page of a shop and states, among other things, name, address and contact.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum Onlineshop: Rechtspflichten vor dem StartSee also:Right of withdrawalConsumers and businesses

A limited quantity is a relief in dangerous goods law for small inner packagings. Simplified rules apply to packaging, marking and documents. It is still dangerous goods.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum versenden: Gefahrgut, Alkohol und Verpackung im ÜberblickSee also:Dangerous goods (UN 1266)ADR

Longevity is how long you can perceive a fragrance after spraying. It depends on concentration, notes, skin and application, and is different from the shelf life of the product in the bottle.

Fragrance and notesMore:Haltbarkeit und Sillage von Parfum: Was sie beeinflusstSee also:Sillage (scent trail)Concentration (oil content)Minimum durability and PAO

LUCID is the packaging register of the Central Agency Packaging Register. You register there as a producer; registration is free and must be completed before first placing on the market.

Regulation and safetyMore:Verpackungsgesetz und LUCID bei Parfum: Das gilt seit August 2026See also:VerpackDG (German packaging act)Dual system (system participation)

Maceration in the narrow sense means steeping plant material or resins in ethanol to extract them. In perfume making the resting time of the mixed batch is often called that too.

Production and qualityMore:Parfum Reifezeit: Mazeration, Kältestabilisierung und FiltrationSee also:MaturationCold stabilisation

The magnetic box is a rigid board box with a magnet in the lid. It feels high quality, but is more complex to produce and heavier to ship.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:Folding carton

Mandatory information is what Art. 19 of the Cosmetics Regulation requires on bottle and packaging: responsible person, nominal content, durability, precautions, batch number, where applicable function, and the ingredient list.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum-Etikett: Pflichtangaben als Checkliste nach Art. 19See also:INCINominal volume and nominal contentMinimum durability and PAOBatch

Margin is the share of the selling price that remains after costs. It is not the same as the markup on the purchase price.

Brand and tradeMore:Parfummarke: Kosten und Marge für den Start berechnenParfum Preisgestaltung: vom Einkaufspreis zum VerkaufspreisSee also:MarkupUnit costBreak-even

A marketing claim is text on a label, packaging or in advertising, for example “lasts twelve hours”. Under Art. 20 of the Cosmetics Regulation it must not suggest properties the product does not have, and you need evidence.

Regulation and safetyMore:Haltbarkeit und Sillage von Parfum: Was sie beeinflusstPIF für Parfum erstellen: Teile, Anlagen und AufbewahrungSee also:PIF (product information file)Longevity

Markup is the percentage by which the selling price exceeds costs. A 50 % markup on € 10 of costs gives € 15 and a margin of about 33 %, not 50 %.

Brand and tradeMore:Parfum Preisgestaltung: vom Einkaufspreis zum VerkaufspreisSee also:MarginUnit cost

Maturation is the resting time of a freshly mixed batch. The sharpness of the alcohol recedes and the mixture becomes stable. The article gives two to four weeks as a guideline.

Production and qualityMore:Parfum Reifezeit: Mazeration, Kältestabilisierung und FiltrationSee also:MacerationCold stabilisationFiltration

For a durability of up to 30 months, a minimum durability date goes on the pack. For more than 30 months you state the period after opening instead (PAO, open-jar symbol). For pump bottles this is often not relevant; the reasoning belongs in the safety report.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum-Etikett: Pflichtangaben als Checkliste nach Art. 19See also:Mandatory label information (Art. 19)Stability test

The minimum order quantity is the smallest quantity a supplier produces or sells per order or per fragrance. It differs by service, so the offer is always what counts.

Products and concentrationsMore:Private Label Parfum: Welcher Weg passt zu deiner Menge?See also:Container sizeSmall seriesCustom bottle

Natural fragrance materials are obtained from plants or other natural sources, synthetic ones are made in the laboratory. Both occur in perfume oils. Natural does not automatically mean better tolerated: natural materials contain allergens too.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfum Rohstoffe – Natürlich vs. Synthetisch im ÜberblickSee also:Fragrance ingredientEssential oilFragrance allergens

The neck size is the standard dimension of the bottle neck, for example FEA 15 for 15 mm. Pump and neck must have the same size; even one millimetre of difference prevents a clean seal.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Flakon auswählen: Glas, Hals, Sprühkopf und FüllmengeSee also:Crimp closureSpray head (pump)Bottle

The Nice Classification divides goods and services into 45 classes. When filing a trade mark you choose the classes for which your name is to be protected. For perfume, class 3 is usually the key one.

Regulation and safetyMore:Markenname für Parfum prüfen und schützen: Ablauf und KostenSee also:DPMA and EUIPOTrade mark search

Niche perfume is perfume from small, often independent brands that deliberately sets itself apart from the mass market. The term has no legal definition.

Fragrance and notesMore:Nischenparfum-Marke aufbauen – So gelingt der EinstiegSee also:Own brandSignature scent

The nominal volume is the fill quantity stated on the bottle, for example 50 ml. The nominal content is a mandatory statement under Art. 19 of the Cosmetics Regulation; packs under 5 g or 5 ml are exempt. Bottles are filled with a little headspace below the rim.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Flakon auswählen: Glas, Hals, Sprühkopf und FüllmengeParfum-Etikett: Pflichtangaben als Checkliste nach Art. 19See also:BottleMandatory label information (Art. 19)

In olfactory fatigue the nose adapts to a scent so that you hardly notice it any more, although others still smell it. After several fragrances in a row, judgement becomes unreliable.

Fragrance and notesMore:Haltbarkeit und Sillage von Parfum: Was sie beeinflusstParfumöl-Muster testen und Düfte bewerten: Schritt für SchrittSee also:Smelling strip (mouillette)Sillage (scent trail)

Own brand is the umbrella term for all routes to selling a perfume under your name: white-label oils, small series, contract filling and custom bottles. Which one fits depends on quantity, time and ambition.

Brand and tradeMore:Private Label Parfum: Welcher Weg passt zu deiner Menge?Eigene Parfummarke gründen – Kompletter Leitfaden 2026See also:Private labelWhite labelContract filling

In oxidation, fragrance materials react with oxygen. Light, heat and air speed it up: the scent changes and the oil can darken. Citrus notes are particularly sensitive.

Raw materials and ingredientsMore:Parfumöl lagern: Licht, Wärme, Luft und HaltbarkeitSee also:Top noteMinimum durability and PAO

Perfume oil is a concentrated, undiluted fragrance mixture. It serves as a raw material for perfume, candles, soap and room scent and does not belong undiluted on the skin.

Products and concentrationsMore:Parfumöl vs. Bulk-Parfum – Was ist der Unterschied?Duftöl für die Parfumproduktion – Einkaufsguide für ProfisSee also:Bulk perfumeConcentration (oil content)Essential oil

Perfumers are specialists who compose fragrances, that is, combine raw materials into a formula. The colloquial word nose means the same.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftentwicklung: So schreibst du ein Briefing für deine RezepturSee also:Formula (recipe)Fragrance developmentAccord

The product information file under Art. 11 is the dossier for your product: product description, safety report, manufacturing method with GMP statement, evidence of effect (if you make claims) and animal testing data. You keep it for ten years.

Regulation and safetyMore:PIF für Parfum erstellen: Teile, Anlagen und AufbewahrungSee also:CPSR (safety report)Responsible person (RP)GMP (ISO 22716)

Placing on the market is the first making available of a product on the Union market. It counts per unit, not per formula, and is decisive for deadlines such as those for fragrance allergen labelling. A CPNP notification alone is not yet placing on the market.

Regulation and safetyMore:Duftallergene 2026: Was auf dem Parfum-Etikett jetzt stehen mussSee also:Fragrance allergensCPNP

The PAngV governs how prices must be shown to consumers, for example as a total price and, where required, a unit price. A shop aimed only at businesses is not covered.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum Preisgestaltung: vom Einkaufspreis zum VerkaufspreisParfum Onlineshop: Rechtspflichten vor dem StartSee also:Unit priceConsumers and businesses

Print artwork is the file for the printer. Usual requirements are a print PDF, CMYK, sufficient resolution, embedded fonts and bleed. Your printer’s specifications take priority.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:BleedCMYKDie line

In private label a manufacturer makes the product and another company sells it under its own name. As the brand, that company is responsible for the finished product.

Brand and tradeMore:Private Label Parfum – So funktioniert Lohnabfüllung in DeutschlandPrivate Label Parfum: Welcher Weg passt zu deiner Menge?See also:Own brandWhite labelContract filling

A proof is a trial print or sample on which you check colour, sharpness, feel and fit before the production run. A screen is not print: approve only after the proof, preferably in writing.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Etiketten und Kartonagen drucken: Material, Verfahren, DatenSee also:Print artwork

REACH is the EU chemicals regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 on registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals. The safety data sheet is based on it.

Regulation and safetyMore:Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Parfumöl lesen: Die 16 Abschnitte erklärtSee also:Safety data sheet (SDS)CLP

A reed diffuser releases scent as rattan reeds soak up a carrier liquid containing perfume oil and let it evaporate. Under the IFRA Standards it falls into category 10A.

Candle, soap and room scentMore:Raumduft und Diffusor aus Parfumöl: Ansatz, Dosierung, RechtSee also:Room sprayIFRA categorySolvent (carrier)

A reseller buys goods and sells them on, in a shop, online or on marketplaces. As a retailer of perfume or perfume oil you are responsible for purchasing, storage and sale.

Brand and tradeMore:Parfum für Wiederverkäufer – So startest du dein Reseller-BusinessSee also:White labelDropshipping

The responsible person is the person or company in the EU that answers for compliance with the Cosmetics Regulation. They appear with their address on the label and keep the product information file. For your own brand that is usually you.

Regulation and safetyMore:Verantwortliche Person für Kosmetik: Pflichten und HaftungSee also:PIF (product information file)CPSR (safety report)CPNP

A retained sample is a kept sample of a batch. You use it later to check appearance and scent or to clarify a complaint.

Production and qualityMore:Parfum Reifezeit: Mazeration, Kältestabilisierung und FiltrationSee also:BatchTraceability

Consumers may withdraw from distance contracts within 14 days; businesses may not. Since 19 June 2026 a shop needs a withdrawal function under § 356a BGB for this.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum Onlineshop: Rechtspflichten vor dem StartSee also:Consumers and businessesLegal notice (Impressum)

A room spray brings fragrance into a room as a mist. Under the IFRA Standards manual room sprays fall into category 10B. Anyone who makes and sells them is the manufacturer of a mixture under the CLP Regulation.

Candle, soap and room scentMore:Raumduft und Diffusor aus Parfumöl: Ansatz, Dosierung, RechtSee also:Reed diffuserUFICLP

Safety assessors are persons with the qualification required by Art. 10(2). They prepare and sign the safety report. A software tool or a supplier cannot replace this assessment.

Regulation and safetyMore:CPSR für Parfum: Inhalt, Ablauf und wer unterschreibtSee also:CPSR (safety report)PIF (product information file)

The safety data sheet has 16 sections on hazards, handling, storage and transport of a substance or mixture under REACH. It is a working document for warehouse, production and shipping, not a cosmetics document. The formula is not in it.

Regulation and safetyMore:Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Parfumöl lesen: Die 16 Abschnitte erklärtSee also:REACHCLPH and P statementsUFI

A sample is a small quantity of a fragrance for testing before you buy larger containers. Perfume oil does not belong undiluted on the skin: check it on a smelling strip or diluted.

Products and concentrationsMore:Parfumöl-Muster testen und Düfte bewerten: Schritt für SchrittSee also:Smelling strip (mouillette)Container size

Scent marketing is the deliberate use of fragrance in spaces such as hotels and shops to create atmosphere and recognition. The room scent often gets its own signature fragrance.

Brand and tradeMore:Scent Marketing für Hotels – Eigenen Hotelduft entwickelnSee also:Signature scentRoom sprayReed diffuser

Scent throw describes how far a candle spreads its fragrance in a room. Cold throw is the scent of the unlit candle, hot throw the scent of the burning one. You check both with burn tests.

Candle, soap and room scentMore:Parfumöl in Kerzen: Dosierung, Flammpunkt und DuftwurfSee also:Dosage (oil share in the product)Flash point

In film wrapping the folding carton is sealed in transparent film. It protects against dust and handling and shows that the pack is unopened. The film counts towards packaging registration.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Verpackung – Box, Cellophan & Unboxing-ErlebnisVerpackungsgesetz und LUCID bei Parfum: Das gilt seit August 2026See also:Folding cartonLUCID (packaging register)

A signature scent makes a person, brand or place recognisable. Hotels, shops and brands use it as a hallmark.

Fragrance and notesMore:Scent Marketing für Hotels – Eigenen Hotelduft entwickelnSee also:Scent marketing

Sillage is French for scent trail: it describes how far and how strongly a perfume can be perceived around the wearer. It is not the same as how long the scent lasts on the skin.

Fragrance and notesMore:Haltbarkeit und Sillage von Parfum: Was sie beeinflusstSee also:Longevity

A small series is a small production run with which you test a brand without tying up much capital. Standard parts are cheaper than custom developments, and you learn early what your market accepts.

Brand and tradeMore:Private Label Parfum: Welcher Weg passt zu deiner Menge?See also:Minimum order quantity (MOQ)Own brand

A smelling strip is a paper strip onto which you spray or drop perfume or diluted oil to assess a scent. It shows the opening, but not how the scent develops on skin.

Fragrance and notesMore:Parfumöl-Muster testen und Düfte bewerten: Schritt für SchrittSee also:Olfactory fatigueSample

A solvent or carrier is the liquid in which the perfume oil is dissolved, for example in room sprays and diffusers. The choice affects dosage, flash point, labelling and safety.

Candle, soap and room scentMore:Raumduft und Diffusor aus Parfumöl: Ansatz, Dosierung, RechtSee also:Reed diffuserRoom sprayFlash pointEthanol

The spray head atomises the perfume into a fine mist. Dose per stroke, spray pattern and material must suit the contents; test them with the real perfume, not with water.

Bottle, label and packagingMore:Parfum Flakon auswählen: Glas, Hals, Sprühkopf und FüllmengeSee also:Dip tubeNeck size (FEA 15)Crimp closure

A stability test checks whether appearance, scent and composition of a product remain stable over time and under heat, cold and light. It must support the shelf-life statement.

Production and qualityMore:Parfum-Etikett: Pflichtangaben als Checkliste nach Art. 19PIF für Parfum erstellen: Teile, Anlagen und AufbewahrungSee also:Minimum durability and PAOPIF (product information file)

Top notes are the first impression after spraying: light, volatile notes such as citrus, herbs or bright fruit. They usually fade within a few minutes.

Fragrance and notesMore:Duftpyramide: Kopf-, Herz- und Basisnoten einfach erklärtSee also:Fragrance pyramidHeart noteBase note

Traceability means you can follow a unit via its batch number back to raw materials and production. It is the basis for complaints and recalls.

Production and qualityMore:GMP nach ISO 22716 für Parfum: Was Marke und Hersteller tun müssenSee also:BatchGMP (ISO 22716)

A trade mark search looks for earlier identical or similar marks and signs before you print or file your name. It protects against injunctions and damages.

Regulation and safetyMore:Markenname für Parfum prüfen und schützen: Ablauf und KostenSee also:DPMA and EUIPONice Classification (trade mark classes)

The UFI (Unique Formula Identifier) is a 16-character code linking a hazardous mixture to its notification to the poison centres. Your finished perfume does not need a UFI; a room spray you make yourself generally does.

Regulation and safetyMore:Sicherheitsdatenblatt für Parfumöl lesen: Die 16 Abschnitte erklärtSee also:CLPSafety data sheet (SDS)Room spray

Unit cost is the cost per unit sold: oil, bottle, packaging, printing, filling and a share of one-off items. Only with it can you set price and margin sensibly.

Brand and tradeMore:Parfummarke: Kosten und Marge für den Start berechnenSee also:MarginMarkupBreak-even

The unit price is the price per unit of quantity for goods sold by volume, in principle per litre. Exceptions exist, among others, for very small quantities and certain perfumes; whether they apply to your product depends on the formula.

Regulation and safetyMore:Parfum Preisgestaltung: vom Einkaufspreis zum VerkaufspreisSee also:Price indication ordinance (PAngV)Consumers and businesses

The VerpackDG is the German implementing act for the EU Packaging Regulation (EU) 2025/40 and has replaced the former packaging act since 12 August 2026. Brands must register, participate in a dual system and report quantities.

Regulation and safetyMore:Verpackungsgesetz und LUCID bei Parfum: Das gilt seit August 2026See also:LUCID (packaging register)Dual system (system participation)

White label means neutrally supplied goods that you resell under your own name. You do not develop a fragrance but choose from existing oils.

Brand and tradeMore:Private Label Parfum: Welcher Weg passt zu deiner Menge?See also:Private labelOwn brandDropshipping